Horohio and Harmonious Living in African Society: An Indigenous Model of Conflict Resolution among the Agìkūyū of Kīambu County, Kenya

Abstract

The Horohio ritual derived from the word Kūhorohia meaning "to pacify" or "calm down," is an indigenous Agìkūyū ritual performed by elders to restore harmony after wrongdoing. It addresses transgressions against Ngai-God, self, family, community, and ancestors-Ngomi. Rooted in Agìkūyū spirituality, Horohio promotes healing and reconciliation, with offenses believed to result in illness, conflict, or calamity. In Kīambu County, rising cases of gender-based violence, land disputes, and family conflicts—coupled with dissatisfaction with the judicial system—have led to renewed interest in Horohio. Though once suppressed by missionary Christianity and colonial authorities, this ritual is re-emerging as a trusted conflict resolution mechanism. However, it faces resistance from some Christian groups and state authorities who perceive it as regressive. This article explores the history, meaning, and contemporary application of Horohio, grounded in Indigenous Peoples’ Institutional Theory and Samuel Kìbicho’s concept of radical continuity in African religion, illustrating its relevance as a reconciliatory and therapeutic model of justice.